So richten Sie einen LDAP-Server in CentOS 6 ein
Der 389-Verzeichnisserver ist ein von Red Hat entwickelter Open-Source-LDAP-Server (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) der Enterprise-Klasse für Linux. Der Name '389' leitet sich von der Standard-Portnummer für LDAP ab. In RHEL wird 389 DS als Red Hat Directory Server bezeichnet und ist als kostenpflichtiges Abonnement verfügbar. 389 Directory ist völlig kostenlos und wurde von der Fedora-Community entwickelt. Es wird unter der GPLv3-Lizenz veröffentlicht.
389-Server wird auf Fedora aufgebaut, unterstützt aber viele Betriebssysteme wie CentOS, Scientific Linux, Debian und Solaris usw.
Merkmale
- Multi-Master-Replikation für Fehlertoleranz und hohe Schreibleistung
- Skalierbarkeit: Tausende Vorgänge pro Sekunde, Zehntausende gleichzeitige Benutzer, Dutzende Millionen Einträge, Hunderte Gigabyte an Daten
- Die Codebasis wird seit mehr als einem Jahrzehnt kontinuierlich vom selben Team entwickelt und bereitgestellt
- Umfangreiche Dokumentation, einschließlich hilfreicher Installations- und Bereitstellungshandbücher
- Synchronisierung von Active Directory-Benutzern und -Gruppen
- Sichere Authentifizierung und Transport (SSLv3, TLSv1 und SASL)
- Unterstützung für LDAPv3
- Online, ohne Ausfallzeiten, LDAP-basierte Aktualisierung von Schema, Konfiguration, Verwaltung und In-Tree-Zugriffskontrollinformationen (ACIs)
- Grafische Konsole für alle Aspekte der Benutzer-, Gruppen- und Serververwaltung
Voraussetzungen
1. Stellen Sie sicher, dass Ihr Server ordnungsgemäß mit einem DNS-Server mit dem richtigen FQDN konfiguriert ist. Navigieren Sie zu diesem Link, um Ihren DNS-Server zu konfigurieren.
2. Konfigurieren Sie die Firewall so, dass LDAP-Ports auf Ihrem Server zugelassen werden. Öffnen Sie dazu die iptables-Konfigurationsdatei und geben Sie die unten gezeigten Zeilen ein. Änderungen, die ich in den Konfigurationsdateien vorgenommen habe, werden in Fettschrift angezeigt.
[root@server ~]# nano /etc/sysconfig/iptablesFirewall configuration written by system-config-firewall
Manual customization of this file is not recommended.
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
-A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 389 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 636 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 9830 -j ACCEPT
COMMIT3. Starten Sie iptables neu, um die Änderungen zu speichern.
[root@server ~]# service iptables restart4. Fügen Sie das EPEL-Repository hinzu und installieren Sie es, um das 389ds-Paket zu installieren.
[root@server ~]# wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm5. Bevor wir mit der Installation und Konfiguration des 389-Verzeichnisservers beginnen, sollten wir einige Leistungs- und Sicherheitseinstellungen im Server anpassen.
5.1. Öffnen Sie die Datei /etc/sysctl.conf und fügen Sie die Zeilen wie unten gezeigt hinzu. Änderungen, die ich in den Konfigurationsdateien vorgenommen habe, werden in Fettschrift angezeigt.
[root@server ~]# nano /etc/sysctl.conf#
Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux
For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and
sysctl.conf(5) for more details.
Controls IP packet forwarding
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
Controls source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
Do not accept source routing
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel
kernel.sysrq = 0
Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.
Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
Controls the use of TCP syncookies
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
Disable netfilter on bridges.
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0
Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes
kernel.msgmax = 65536
Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages
kernel.shmall = 268435456
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
fs.file-max = 64000Überprüfen Sie die Änderungen, die Sie zuvor vorgenommen haben.
[root@server ~]# sysctl -pBeispielausgabe:
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
kernel.sysrq = 0
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables" is an unknown key
error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables" is an unknown key
error: "net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables" is an unknown key
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmall = 268435456
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
fs.file-max = 640005.2. Bearbeiten Sie die Dateideskriptoren in der Datei /etc/security/limits.conf und fügen Sie am Ende die Zeilen wie unten gezeigt hinzu. Änderungen, die ich in den Konfigurationsdateien vorgenommen habe, werden in Fettschrift angezeigt.
[root@server ~]# nano /etc/security/limits.conf/etc/security/limits.conf
#
#Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:
#
#<domain> <type> <item> <value>
#
#Where:
#<domain> can be:
- an user name
- a group name, with @group syntax
- the wildcard *, for default entry
- the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax,
for maxlogin limit
#
#<type> can have the two values:
- "soft" for enforcing the soft limits
- "hard" for enforcing hard limits
#
#<item> can be one of the following:
- core - limits the core file size (KB)
- data - max data size (KB)
- fsize - maximum filesize (KB)
- memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)
- nofile - max number of open files
- rss - max resident set size (KB)
- stack - max stack size (KB)
- cpu - max CPU time (MIN)
- nproc - max number of processes
- as - address space limit (KB)
- maxlogins - max number of logins for this user
- maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system
- priority - the priority to run user process with
- locks - max number of file locks the user can hold
- sigpending - max number of pending signals
- msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)
- nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to values: [-20, 19]
- rtprio - max realtime priority
#
#<domain> <type> <item> <value>
#
#* soft core 0
#* hard rss 10000
#@student hard nproc 20
#@faculty soft nproc 20
#@faculty hard nproc 50
#ftp hard nproc 0
#@student - maxlogins 4
End of file
*softnofile8192
*hardnofile81925.3. Öffnen Sie die Datei /etc/profile und fügen Sie die Zeile wie unten gezeigt hinzu. Änderungen werden fett dargestellt.
[root@server ~]# nano /etc/profile/etc/profile
System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc
It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
/etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
will prevent the need for merging in future updates.
pathmunge () {
case ":${PATH}:" in
*:"$1":*)
;;
*)
if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
PATH=$PATH:$1
else
PATH=$1:$PATH
fi
esac
}
if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then
if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then
# ksh workaround
EUID=`id -u`
UID=`id -ru`
fi
USER="`id -un`"
LOGNAME=$USER
MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"
fi
Path manipulation
if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then
pathmunge /sbin
pathmunge /usr/sbin
pathmunge /usr/local/sbin
else
pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after
pathmunge /usr/sbin after
pathmunge /sbin after
fi
HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`
HISTSIZE=1000
if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then
export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
else
export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
fi
export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL
By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell
Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200
You could check uidgid reservation validity in
/usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file
if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`id -gn`" = "`id -un`" ]; then
umask 002
else
umask 022
fi
for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
if [ -r "$i" ]; then
if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then
. "$i"
else
. "$i" >/dev/null 2>&1
fi
fi
done
unset i
unset pathmunge
ulimit-n81925.4. Fügen Sie am Ende Ihrer Datei /etc/pam.d Folgendes hinzu, wie unten gezeigt. Änderungen, die ich in den Konfigurationsdateien vorgenommen habe, werden in Fettschrift angezeigt.
[root@server ~]# nano /etc/pam.d/login#%PAM-1.0
auth [user_unknown=ignore success=ok ignore=ignore default=bad] pam_securetty.so
auth include system-auth
account required pam_nologin.so
account include system-auth
password include system-auth
pam_selinux.so close should be the first session rule
session required pam_selinux.so close
session required pam_loginuid.so
session optional pam_console.so
pam_selinux.so open should only be followed by sessions to be executed in the user context
session required pam_selinux.so open
session required pam_namespace.so
session optional pam_keyinit.so force revoke
session include system-auth
-session optional pam_ck_connector.so
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so6. Fügen Sie einen Benutzer namens fedora-ds hinzu.
[root@server ~]# useradd fedora-dsLegen Sie das Passwort für den neuen Benutzer fest.
[root@server ~]# passwd fedora-ds
Changing password for user fedora-ds.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.Installieren Sie den LDAP-Server
[root@server ~]# yum install 389-ds openldap-clients -yKonfigurieren Sie den 389-Verzeichnisserver
[root@server ~]# setup-ds-admin.plBeispielausgabe:
==============================================================================
This program will set up the 389 Directory and Administration Servers.
It is recommended that you have "root" privilege to set up the software.
Tips for using this program:
- Press "Enter" to choose the default and go to the next screen
- Type "Control-B" then "Enter" to go back to the previous screen
- Type "Control-C" to cancel the setup program
Would you like to continue with set up? [yes]: ##press enter##
==============================================================================
Your system has been scanned for potential problems, missing patches,
etc. The following output is a report of the items found that need to
be addressed before running this software in a production
environment.
389 Directory Server system tuning analysis version 10-AUGUST-2007.
NOTICE : System is i686-unknown-linux2.6.32-279.el6.i686 (1 processor).
WARNING: 622MB of physical memory is available on the system. 1024MB is recommended for best performance on large production system.
WARNING: There are only 1024 file descriptors (soft limit) available, which
limit the number of simultaneous connections.
WARNING : The warning messages above should be reviewed before proceeding.
Would you like to continue? [no]: yes ##type yes and press enter##
==============================================================================
Choose a setup type:
1. Express
Allows you to quickly set up the servers using the most
common options and pre-defined defaults. Useful for quick
evaluation of the products.
2. Typical
Allows you to specify common defaults and options.
3. Custom
Allows you to specify more advanced options. This is
recommended for experienced server administrators only.
To accept the default shown in brackets, press the Enter key.
Choose a setup type [2]: 2 ##type 2 and press enter##
==============================================================================
Enter the fully qualified domain name of the computer
on which you're setting up server software. Using the form
<hostname>.<domainname>
Example: eros.example.com.
To accept the default shown in brackets, press the Enter key.
Warning: This step may take a few minutes if your DNS servers
can not be reached or if DNS is not configured correctly. If
you would rather not wait, hit Ctrl-C and run this program again
with the following command line option to specify the hostname:
General.FullMachineName=your.hostname.domain.name
Computer name [server.ostechnix.com]: ##press enter##
==============================================================================
The servers must run as a specific user in a specific group.
It is strongly recommended that this user should have no privileges
on the computer (i.e. a non-root user). The setup procedure
will give this user/group some permissions in specific paths/files
to perform server-specific operations.
If you have not yet created a user and group for the servers,
create this user and group using your native operating
system utilities.
System User [nobody]: fedora-ds ##input your yourname which you created earlier and press enter##
System Group [nobody]: fedora-ds
==============================================================================
Server information is stored in the configuration directory server.
This information is used by the console and administration server to
configure and manage your servers. If you have already set up a
configuration directory server, you should register any servers you
set up or create with the configuration server. To do so, the
following information about the configuration server is required: the
fully qualified host name of the form
<hostname>.<domainname>(e.g. hostname.example.com), the port number
(default 389), the suffix, the DN and password of a user having
permission to write the configuration information, usually the
configuration directory administrator, and if you are using security
(TLS/SSL). If you are using TLS/SSL, specify the TLS/SSL (LDAPS) port
number (default 636) instead of the regular LDAP port number, and
provide the CA certificate (in PEM/ASCII format).
If you do not yet have a configuration directory server, enter 'No' to
be prompted to set up one.
Do you want to register this software with an existing
configuration directory server? [no]: ##press enter##
==============================================================================
Please enter the administrator ID for the configuration directory
server. This is the ID typically used to log in to the console. You
will also be prompted for the password.
Configuration directory server
administrator ID [admin]: ##enter the password and press enter##
Password:
Password (confirm):
==============================================================================
The information stored in the configuration directory server can be
separated into different Administration Domains. If you are managing
multiple software releases at the same time, or managing information
about multiple domains, you may use the Administration Domain to keep
them separate.
If you are not using administrative domains, press Enter to select the
default. Otherwise, enter some descriptive, unique name for the
administration domain, such as the name of the organization
responsible for managing the domain.
Administration Domain [ostechnix.com]: ##press enter##
==============================================================================
The standard directory server network port number is 389. However, if
you are not logged as the superuser, or port 389 is in use, the
default value will be a random unused port number greater than 1024.
If you want to use port 389, make sure that you are logged in as the
superuser, that port 389 is not in use.
Directory server network port [389]: ##press enter##
==============================================================================
Each instance of a directory server requires a unique identifier.
This identifier is used to name the various
instance specific files and directories in the file system,
as well as for other uses as a server instance identifier.
Directory server identifier [server]: ##press enter##
==============================================================================
The suffix is the root of your directory tree. The suffix must be a valid DN.
It is recommended that you use the dc=domaincomponent suffix convention.
For example, if your domain is example.com,
you should use dc=example,dc=com for your suffix.
Setup will create this initial suffix for you,
but you may have more than one suffix.
Use the directory server utilities to create additional suffixes.
Suffix [dc=ostechnix, dc=com]: ##press enter##
==============================================================================
Certain directory server operations require an administrative user.
This user is referred to as the Directory Manager and typically has a
bind Distinguished Name (DN) of cn=Directory Manager.
You will also be prompted for the password for this user. The password must
be at least 8 characters long, and contain no spaces.
Press Control-B or type the word "back", then Enter to back up and start over.
Directory Manager DN [cn=Directory Manager]: ##press enter##
Password:
Password (confirm):
==============================================================================
The Administration Server is separate from any of your web or application
servers since it listens to a different port and access to it is
restricted.
Pick a port number between 1024 and 65535 to run your Administration
Server on. You should NOT use a port number which you plan to
run a web or application server on, rather, select a number which you
will remember and which will not be used for anything else.
Administration port [9830]: ##press enter##
==============================================================================
The interactive phase is complete. The script will now set up your
servers. Enter No or go Back if you want to change something.
Are you ready to set up your servers? [yes]:
Creating directory server . . .
Your new DS instance 'server' was successfully created.
Creating the configuration directory server . . .
Beginning Admin Server creation . . .
Creating Admin Server files and directories . . .
Updating adm.conf . . .
Updating admpw . . .
Registering admin server with the configuration directory server . . .
Updating adm.conf with information from configuration directory server . . .
Updating the configuration for the httpd engine . . .
Starting admin server . . .
output: Starting dirsrv-admin:
output: [ OK ]
The admin server was successfully started.
Admin server was successfully created, configured, and started.
Exiting . . .
Log file is '/tmp/setupkmf7gF.log'LDAP-Server testen
[root@server ~]# ldapsearch -x -b "dc=ostechnix,dc=com"
extended LDIF
#
LDAPv3
base <dc=ostechnix,dc=com> with scope subtree
filter: (objectclass=*)
requesting: ALL
#
ostechnix.com
dn: dc=ostechnix,dc=com
objectClass: top
objectClass: domain
dc: ostechnix
Directory Administrators, ostechnix.com
dn: cn=Directory Administrators,dc=ostechnix,dc=com
objectClass: top
objectClass: groupofuniquenames
cn: Directory Administrators
uniqueMember: cn=Directory Manager
Groups, ostechnix.com
dn: ou=Groups,dc=ostechnix,dc=com
objectClass: top
objectClass: organizationalunit
ou: Groups
People, ostechnix.com
dn: ou=People,dc=ostechnix,dc=com
objectClass: top
objectClass: organizationalunit
ou: People
Special Users, ostechnix.com
dn: ou=Special Users,dc=ostechnix,dc=com
objectClass: top
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: Special Users
description: Special Administrative Accounts
Accounting Managers, Groups, ostechnix.com
dn: cn=Accounting Managers,ou=Groups,dc=ostechnix,dc=com
objectClass: top
objectClass: groupOfUniqueNames
cn: Accounting Managers
ou: groups
description: People who can manage accounting entries
uniqueMember: cn=Directory Manager
HR Managers, Groups, ostechnix.com
dn: cn=HR Managers,ou=Groups,dc=ostechnix,dc=com
objectClass: top
objectClass: groupOfUniqueNames
cn: HR Managers
ou: groups
description: People who can manage HR entries
uniqueMember: cn=Directory Manager
QA Managers, Groups, ostechnix.com
dn: cn=QA Managers,ou=Groups,dc=ostechnix,dc=com
objectClass: top
objectClass: groupOfUniqueNames
cn: QA Managers
ou: groups
description: People who can manage QA entries
uniqueMember: cn=Directory Manager
PD Managers, Groups, ostechnix.com
dn: cn=PD Managers,ou=Groups,dc=ostechnix,dc=com
objectClass: top
objectClass: groupOfUniqueNames
cn: PD Managers
ou: groups
description: People who can manage engineer entries
uniqueMember: cn=Directory Manager
search result
search: 2
result: 0 Success
numResponses: 10
numEntries: 9Wenn Sie irgendwo im obigen Ergebnis search: 2 erhalten, sind Sie fertig.
Sorgen Sie dafür, dass der LDAP-Server bei jedem Neustart automatisch startet.
[root@server ~]# chkconfig dirsrv onDas ist es. Der LDAP-Server ist einsatzbereit.
Prost!